PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times late to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 years.